Isl\u00e1m je monoteistick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na u\u010den\u00ed proroka Mohameda, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za posledn\u00edho z prorok\u016f vyslan\u00fdch Bohem (All\u00e1hem). Isl\u00e1m vznikl v 7. stolet\u00ed v oblasti Arabsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v Mekce a Med\u00edn\u011b. Jeho stoupenci se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed muslimov\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201eti, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u0159izuj\u00ed Bohu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy \u0160ah\u00e1da (vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry): Jedin\u00e1 v\u011bta \u201eNen\u00ed boha krom\u011b All\u00e1ha a Mohamed je jeho prorok\u201c je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edry, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd muslim p\u0159ijmout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Salah (modlitba): Muslimov\u00e9 se modl\u00ed p\u011btkr\u00e1t denn\u011b v p\u0159esn\u011b stanoven\u00fdch \u010dasech obr\u00e1cen\u00ed sm\u011brem k Mekce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zak\u00e1t (almu\u017ena): Muslimov\u00e9 jsou povinni d\u00e1vat \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho majetku pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm, obvykle ve form\u011b dan\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sawm (p\u016fst): B\u011bhem m\u011bs\u00edce ramad\u00e1nu se muslimov\u00e9 zdr\u017euj\u00ed j\u00eddla, pit\u00ed, kou\u0159en\u00ed a sexu\u00e1ln\u00edch aktivit od v\u00fdchodu do z\u00e1padu slunce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hadd\u017e (pou\u0165 do Mekky): Ka\u017ed\u00fd muslim, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 fyzickou a finan\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enost, by m\u011bl alespo\u0148 jednou v \u017eivot\u011b vykonat pou\u0165 do Mekky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kor\u00e1n a Sunna Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0161koly a sekty Kulturn\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vlivy Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdznam Isl\u00e1m je monoteistick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na u\u010den\u00ed proroka Mohameda, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za posledn\u00edho z prorok\u016f vyslan\u00fdch Bohem (All\u00e1hem). Isl\u00e1m vznikl v 7. stolet\u00ed v oblasti Arabsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v Mekce a Med\u00edn\u011b. Jeho stoupenci se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed muslimov\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201eti, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u0159izuj\u00ed Bohu\u201c. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principyIsl\u00e1m je zalo\u017een na p\u011bti pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":305,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-319","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=319"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":320,"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/319\/revisions\/320"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nijak.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/strong>Isl\u00e1m je zalo\u017een na p\u011bti pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro \u017eivot muslima:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>Hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm textem isl\u00e1mu je Kor\u00e1n, kter\u00fd muslimov\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee byl zjeven proroku Mohamedovi prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm and\u011bla Gabriela. Kor\u00e1n je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za doslovn\u00e9 slovo Bo\u017e\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm pramenem isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va a \u017eivota je Sunna, co\u017e je soubor tradic a v\u00fdrok\u016f proroka Mohameda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>Isl\u00e1m se d\u011bl\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0161koly a sekty. Mezi hlavn\u00ed v\u011btve pat\u0159\u00ed sunnit\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu muslimsk\u00e9 populace, a \u0161\u00edit\u00e9. Sunnit\u00e9 uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0161koly (hanaf\u00ed, m\u00e1lik\u00ed, \u0161\u00e1fi\u2019\u00ed a hanbal\u00ed), zat\u00edmco \u0161\u00edit\u00e9 maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed tradice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>Isl\u00e1m m\u00e1 hlubok\u00fd vliv na kulturu, pr\u00e1vo a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury v mnoha zem\u00edch. Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed, architektura, literatura a v\u011bda maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd historick\u00fd dopad. Isl\u00e1m tak\u00e9 hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b muslim\u016f, ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed jejich hodnoty, etiku a \u017eivotn\u00ed styl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>Isl\u00e1m je druh\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b s v\u00edce ne\u017e miliardou stoupenc\u016f. Jeho vliv sah\u00e1 od Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu p\u0159es Asii a\u017e po Afriku a Evropu. V dne\u0161n\u00edm glob\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b hraje isl\u00e1m d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch identity, politiky a mezikulturn\u00edho dialogu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"